Contribution of Adventitious Roots to Water Use Strategy of Juniperus sabina in a Semiarid Area of China

duniperus sabina Linnaeus, an evergreen shrub with prostrate life form, can effectively prevent sand moving and is an important tree species for reforestation in semiarid areas of China. It has laterally distributed adventitious roots and a deeply distributed main root system. To detect water movement between the main root system and adventitious roots, we adopted heat pulse sensors using the Heat Ratio Method, a high precision method for measuring low sap flow rates. Two sensors were implanted in each individual in the stem between the main root system and adventitious roots, and another two in lateral stems distal to all the roots. Positive sap flows during nighttime, even under saturated air moisture conditions, were detected only between the main root system and adventitious roots under drought conditions, and the rate of flow increased as drought progressed and decreased or disappeared after rain events. The results demonstrated the existence of water movement from the main root system to adventitious roots, and combined with the high contribution of nighttime sap flow to transpiration （11%-16%） the results indicate that it also involves the process of hydraulic lift, a water movement from moist subsoil to dry surface soils. Integrated water use strategy between the main root system and adventitious roots via the process of hydraulic lift of soil water maximizes water acquisition efficiency from both subsoil water and water from rain pulses on the soil surface; this increases survivability in the water-limited environment of semiarid areas.     

尾叶拉藤多糖含量测定

本文采用苯酚-硫酸比色法,测定尾叶拉藤中多糖的含量。结果表明尾叶拉藤中多糖含量为3.85%,平均加样回收率101.38%。     

福建省台湾独蒜兰分布及居群特征

对福建省14个调查地开展台湾独蒜兰(Pleione formosana Hayata)分布与居群特征研究,结果表明,其中12个调查地均有台湾独蒜兰的分布,共记录分布点51个.其垂直和水平分布格局的特征为:以北纬27°5'-28°、海拔500-800 m分布最多;其次为北纬27°-27°5'、海拔1000-1400 m;在北纬25°4'、海拔1000-1600 m呈连续分布状态.台湾独蒜兰居群分布于南向坡坡地、溪涧旁的石壁及溪涧中间的单体石块上,10-100株的居群最多(23个),占调查记录总居群数的45.1%.台湾独蒜兰野外生境中开花、结果数量所占比例小,且母株周围小苗也较少;在自然状态下结实率、种子萌发率极低,通过种子繁殖困难.     

石漠化区枫香、刺槐和柏木的抗逆性初步研究

于不同程度石漠化区的枫香、刺槐和柏木人工林中采集叶片为试材,通过比对3种植物叶片中叶绿素、SOD、丙二醛(MDA)和脯氨酸含量的变化,对石漠化区3种植物抗逆性进行分析评价。结果表明:不同石漠化程度区对植物体内SOD含量的影响显著。在轻度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低;在中度石漠化区,柏木SOD含量最高,枫香SOD含量最低;在重度石漠化区,枫香SOD含量最高,刺槐SOD含量最低。刺槐叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量呈显著负相关,而柏木叶片MDA含量与叶绿素含量则呈显著正相关。     

温度和盐度对二种观赏海藻微繁与生长的影响

为了建立观赏海藻大规模微繁技术,研究了温度和盐度对台湾锯齿藻(Prionitis formosana)和海木耳藻(Sarcodia montagneana)生长及叶绿素含量的影响。结果表明,在实验范围内,台湾锯齿藻在35℃的条件下死亡,5~15℃藻体负生长,适宜生长温度为20~25℃;盐度为22条件下生长正常,其余盐度下均生长不良;叶绿素含量在25℃和盐度22时达到最高。海木耳藻在5℃与35℃时出现死亡,5~15℃时负生长,适宜生长温度为25~30℃;最适生长盐度为10,其余盐度下均有不同程度的生长,并且随着温度的增加生长率下降;叶绿素含量在30℃和盐度10时达到最高。     

黄山松抚育间伐强度效应试验

在19年生黄山松林中进行间伐强度效应试验,结果表明:强度间伐对胸径和单株材积生长效应最佳;不同间伐强度对树高生长和林分总收获量无显著影响。     

低温层积过程中圆齿野鸦椿种子的生理生化变化

通过对不同层积时间圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发及其生理生化变化情况的研究,得出种皮对圆齿野鸦椿种子萌发具有很强的机械障碍,仅通过低温层积不能完全解除种皮的机械障碍.低温层积配合60℃温水浸种能够有效解除休眠.同时通过实验发现,当采取播前温水处理打破种皮机械障碍时,以低温层积90～120 d为宜,层积时间过长会导致萌发率降低.通过实验,对低温层积不同时间的圆齿野鸦椿种子生理生化变化情况进行测定,结果表明:随着层积时间增加,可溶性糖含量与G-6-PDH和6-PGDH联合酶活性波动上升,而淀粉含量波动下降.说明种子内含物质相互转化,逐步解除休眠,同时种子呼吸代谢中戊糖磷酸途径所占比重上升.POD活性先逐渐上升,在120 d后活性下降,笔者认为这可能是导致层积120 d后种子萌发率降低的主要原因.     

Drought and fire suppression lead to rapid forest composition change in a forest-prairie ecotone

Altered fire regimes and increased drought can lead to major vegetation changes, especially in ecotones. A decrease in fire can lead to woody species encroachment in prairies and increasing forest stand density. The threat of global climate change raises questions about potential increases in the length, severity, and incidence of droughts substantially altering species composition. Re-measured upland forests in south-central North America's midcontinent forest-prairie ecotone exhibited major changes in woody species composition and structure over fifty years and successional trajectories appeared to favor invasive Juniperus virginiana L. over the previous dominant Quercus species. The objective of this study was to determine whether climate and fire exclusion affected the recruitment history of dominant woody species in these upland forests located near the xeric western edge of the eastern deciduous forest biome of North America. We removed cores and cross-sections from 992 J. virginiana, Quercus marilandica Münchh. and Q. stellata Wangenh. trees from eleven forest stands located across central and northwest Oklahoma, and determined their ages using standard dendrochronological methods. Recruitment of all species increased following a severe mid-20th century drought, but a rapid increase in J. virginiana recruitment and decrease in Quercus recruitment appeared to be linked to a decrease in fire. Future fire regime changes and increased drought due to global climate change could lead to widespread shifts from Quercus- to Juniperus- dominated forests and cause substantial changes to ecosystem services.     

台湾榕组织培养快速繁殖技术研究

文章对台湾榕组织培养快繁育苗技术进行研究,结果表明:在MS培养基中添加6-BA 1.0,2.0mg/L和NAA 0.1 mg/L有利于丛生芽的诱导和增殖;添加6-BA 1.5 mg/L和NAA 0.1 mg/L适合于丛生芽的继代增殖培养;培养基中添加IBA 1.0 mg/L和NAA 0.1 mg/L有利于小苗生根和植株...     

利用农杆菌介导法获得RNAi转基因枫香的研究

随着我国林业生态工程和退耕还林的开展，木材生产与需求之间的矛盾愈加严重，培育速生优质大径材的研究更加重要。基于LEAFY基因在植物生长发育中的特性，利用PCR和Gateway技术构建了含有LEAFY基因保守序列的RNA干涉植物表达载体LFY-RI，利用根瘤农杆菌Agrobacterium tumefaciems介导法获得转基因植株，利用RNA干涉技术抑制转基因植株中LEAFY基因的表达，从而获得枫香Liquidambar formosana不育转基因植株。并利用聚合酶链式反应（PCR）技术和PCR-Southern杂交技术检测了转基因植株中外源基因整合情况。共获得了5株枫香转基因植株，分子检测表明，其中4株为转基因阳性植株。由于转基因植株还比较幼嫩，对它们生长发育以及木材品质的变化尚处于在观察中。图5参12